A Jacobite Gazetteer - Lazio

Facade On July 13, 1761, Henry, Cardinal Duke of York (later King Henry IX and I) was enthroned in this cathedral as Bishop of Frascati (in Latin, Tusculum). Henry remained Bishop of Frascati for the next forty years until September 1803 when he was promoted to the diocese of Ostia and Velletri. It was in this cathedral on February 3, 1788, that Henry conducted the funeral rites of his brother King Charles III. Here also Charles' remains were interred until they were transferred to the Basilica di San Pietro in the Vatican when Henry died in 1807. It was also in the cathedral that on July 20, 1807, Don Marco Mastrofino preached his famous funeral oration in honour of King Henry. On the interior side of the facade wall, to the left of the main entrance, is a funerary monument to Charles. The monument is some eleven feet in height and of white marble; it is surmounted by the royal arms in bronze. The Latin inscription reads as follows: HEIC SITVS EST KAROLVS·ODOARDVS CVI·PATER JACOBVS·III· REX·ANGLIAE·SCOTIAE·FRANCIAE HIBERNIAE PRIMUS·NATORUM PATERNI·IVRIS·ET·REGIAE·DIGNITATIS SVCCESSOR·ET·HERES QVI·DOMICILIO·SIBI·ROMAE·DELECTO COMES·ALBANYENSIS· DICTVS·EST VIXIT·ANNOS·LXVII·ET·MENSEM DECESSIT·IN·PACE· PRIDIE·KAL·FEBR·ANNO·M·DCC·LXXXVIII· HENRICVS·CARD·EPISC·TVSCVLAN· CVI·FRATERNA·IVRA·TITVLIQ·CESSERE DVCIS·EBORACENSIS·APPELLATIONE·RESVMPTA IN·IPSO·LVCTV·AMORI·ET·REVERENTIAE·OBSEQVVTVS INDICTO·IN·TEMPLVM·SVVM·FVNERE MVLTIS·CVM·LACRIMIS·PRAESENS·IVSTA·PERSOLVIT FRATRI·AVGVSTISSIMO HONOREMQUE·SEPVLCRI·AMPLIOREM DESTINAVIT Here lies Charles Edward, whose father [was] James the Third, King of England, Scotland, France [and] Ireland. First born, [he was] successor and heir to his father's rights and royal dignity. At his beloved residence at Rome [he] was called Count of Albany. He lived sixty-six years and one month. He died in peace January 31, 1788. Henry, Cardinal Bishop of Frascati, to whom his brother's rights and titles fell, having resumed the title of Duke of York, in his very grief, love, and respect, obeying at the funeral appointed for his own church, with many tears, being present, he performed the obsequies, and decreed for his most august brother the highest honours of the tomb.   Monument to King Charles III   Royal arms on the monument to King Charles III When the body of King Charles III was transferred to the Basilica di San Pietro, his praecordia were left here in a lead urn placed beneath the floor; the word "PRAECORDIA" inscribed in the marble floor marks the spot immediately below the funerary monument. On the urn containing the praecordia (not visible) there is an Italian inscription written by the Abbate Felice: DI CARLO IL FREDDO CUORE, QUESTA BREVE URNA SERRA - FIGLIO DEL TERZO GIACOMO, SIGNOR DELL' INGHILTERRA. FUORI DEL REGNO PATRIO A LUI CHI TOMBA DIEDE? INFIDELTÀ DI POPOLO - INTEGRITÀ DI FEDE!            This small urn encloses the cold heart of Charles, son of the Third James, Lord of England. Who gave him a tomb outside his paternal kingdom? O the infidelity of his people! O the integrity of his faith! The cathedral received many tokens of Henry's affection and episcopal concern. Most of these are still visible today, although several were destroyed by the Allied bombing of Frascati in 1943. 1 On the interior side of the facade wall of the cathedral to the right of the main entrance is a bronze cross which Henry presented to the cathedral in 1775. It was located from 1750 until 1775 in the Holy Door of the Basilica di San Pietro in the Vatican. Below the cross is a Latin inscription: D. O. M. CRVCEM HANC A BENED. PP. XIV. EXACTO JUBILAEI ANNO MDCCL PORTAE AVRAE VATICAN: BASILICAE AFFIXAM HENRICVS EPISC: TVSCVL: S.R.E. CARD. DVX EBORACEN: ARCHIPRESBYTER EAMDEM A PIO VI PONT: MAX: AN: JUBILAEI JAM INCHOATO MDCCLXXV IV. KAL. MART. INDE SUBLATAM SUAE CATHEDRALI DONO DEDIT ET HIC PONI CVRAVIT To the glory of Almighty God. This cross, which was affixed to the Holy Door of the Vatican Basilica by Pope Benedict XIV at the end of the year of jubilee 1750, the same [cross] which was removed from there by Pope Pius VI, February 26th, at the beginning of the year of jubilee 1775, Henry, Bishop of Frascati, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, Duke of York, Archpriest [of the Vatican Basilica], gave as a gift to his cathedral and ordered to be placed here.   Holy Year cross The second chapel in the south aisle (the one with an eleventh century crucifix) was restored by Henry. Second south side chapel The column base on the left side of the altar is carved with Henry's coat-of-arms as Duke of York. The heraldic carving on the column base on the right side of the altar is incomplete; it shows the cardinal's hat and ducal coronet but without the actual coat-of-arms. The carvings on the column bases, now painted, were formerly covered with representations of Henry's coat-of-arms in gilt bronze; these were stolen during the Allied bombing of Frascati in 1943. 2 Arms of Henry, Cardinal Duke of York, in side chapel On the nave side of the first column separating the nave from the right aisle there are fragments of a tablet which was found in 1964 on the site of the present high altar. The tablet bears a Latin inscription (reconstructed): ANNIVERSARIAM · DEDICATIONIS · MEMORIAM QVAM ALDERANYS · CARD · CYBO · EPISCOPUS · TUSCULANVS DIE · IV · MAII · ANNO · MDCLXXXI CATHEDRALI · TEMPLO · SOLEMNITER · CONSECRATO QVOTANNIS · RECOLLENDAM · STATUIT HENRICVS · CARDINALIS · EPISCOPUS DVX · EBORACENSIS · S · R · E · VICE-CANCELLARIUS SPECIALI · OB · ID · FACULTATE · IMPETRATA AD · MAIOREM · POPULI · FREQVENTAM PRIMA · POST · S · CRUCIS · INVENTIONEM · DOMINICA ADSIGNATA IN · PERPETVVM · CELEBRANDAM DECREVIT ANNO · MDCCLXIX · Fragmentary nave inscription The Cappella della Santissima (Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament) to the left of the high altar contains several gifts from Henry. Blessed Sacrament Chapel Henry gave the tabernacle to the cathedral. It is the work of the Roman goldsmith Nicola Cartoni, and is shaped like a small temple with a dome supported by six small alabaster columns. The door is of gilded copper and shows Jesus rising from the tomb. 3 Tabernacle given by Henry, Cardinal Duke of York On the altar of the chapel are two bronze candlesticks the bases of which are decorated in gilt with Henry's coat-of-arms as Duke of York; these two candlesticks are part of a set of six.

Candlestick given by Henry, Cardinal Duke of York   Coat-of-arms of Henry, Cardinal Duke of York, on candlestick The Sacristy contains several reminders of Henry; the entrance is at the end of the right aisle. Sacristy On the left wall of the Sacristy (as one enters) there is an oval portrait of Henry. The portrait has been ascribed to Thaddeus Kuntze. 4 Henry holds a red biretta in his right hand and a document in his left; a ducal coronet and a bejewelled mitre sit on the table behind him. Portrait of King Henry IX and I, by Thaddeus Kuntze To the right of the portrait is a Latin inscription. This is one of the very few inscriptions erected after Henry succeeded his brother Charles as King in 1788. Prior to 1788 Henry's inscriptions always identify him as "Henry, Cardinal Duke of York". In this inscription, however, he is identified as "Henry, Cardinal, called Duke of York" (the Latin word is nuncupatus). This was Henry's way of asserting that after the death of his brother he was king and only called Duke of York.

Sacristy inscription On the central wall of the Sacristy (directly across from the entrance door) is a marble lavabo (wash basin) which was erected to commemorate Henry obtaining a supply of water for the cathedral from Don Paolo Borghese, Prince Aldobrandini, in 1769. 5 Above the lavabo in the centre are Henry's coat-of-arms as Duke of York; to the left are the coat-of-arms of the Prince Aldobrandini (the arms of the Borghese family and the Aldobrandini family); to the right are the coat-of-arms of the Commune of Frascati (two crossed keys). Above the coat-of-arms is a Latin inscription: INNOCENS MANIBVS ET MVNDO CORDE Innocent in hands and pure in heart. Below the coat-of-arms is the date "MDCCLXIX" (1769). The water for the fountain was transported at the expense of the Commune of Frascati. 6 Lavabo with arms of Henry, Cardinal Duke of York   Coat-of-arms of Henry, Cardinal Duke of York, over lavabo Henry made several other gifts to the Cathedral: 7 a portable silver tabernacle made by Mattia Pirolli and two silver statues, one of Saint Peter and the other of Saint Paul, made by the German silver-smith Giuseppe Agricola. Portable tabernacle given by Henry, Cardinal Duke of York   Statues of Saint Peter and Saint Paul given by Henry, Cardinal Duke of York Henry gave a number of vestments to the cathedral; some of these are now stored in the Seminario.